An illustration of two hands shaking in blue is between two pieces of blue text in front of a white background. A blue union bug appears below the text on the bottom of the button.

The A.F. of L. stands for American Federation of Labor. The American Federation of Labor was formed in December of 1886 by Samuel Gompers. It was a group of smaller craft unions consisting of skilled workers organizing local unions and negotiating wages, hours, and working conditions. Under Gompers’s leadership, the American Federation of Labor grew to become the largest labor union organization in the United States. But during the 1920s, the organization faced challenges in leadership, particularly that only skilled workers are allowed for membership. Tensions became prevalent until the Great Depression as unskilled workers joined to help serve better lives for thousands of working Americans. Today, the organization is known as AFL-CIO since 1955 and remains the United States’ largest union organization.

Blue text on a white background with a red and white checkered outer edge.

Have info on this button? Contact us here.

White text in front of a blue background. A white line separates the two pieces of white text in the center. The bottom text piece is pixilated.

Have info on this button?  Contact us here.   

A red symbol of a soldier holding a shield and a sword riding a horse on top of a red creature stands in the center in front of a light-yellow background. Red text curves around the top and bottom of the button.

In 1996 Dr. John E. Chapman (1931-2004) was elected to chair the Council on Medical Education (CME). The CME is the medical education branch of the board of trustees and House of Delegates of the American Medical Association and is responsible for the policies and procedures of the AMA’s undergraduate and graduate directives. 

Dr. Chapman served as Dean of Vanderbilt University’s School of Medicine for 26 years. He was elected chair for the Council on Medical Education after serving an unprecedented three four-year terms on the CME, the role of chairperson is a one year appointment.

Photograph of Ronald Reagan wearing a blue shirt and a white hat on a white-blue background.

The photograph of Ronald Reagan seen here was taken at his home in at Rancho del Cielo in California in 1976. Originally an actor, Reagan transitioned into politics and served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. One of his primary platforms was to restore prosperity at home by achieving “peace through strength” abroad. Before becoming president, Reagan worked as a radio sports announcer, married several actresses, served as president of the Screen Actors Guild, and served as the Governor of California. In 1981 after 69 days into presidency, his popularity grew after surviving an incident involving a would-be assassin. His presidency helped see the nation’s longest period of peacetime prosperity without recession or depression.

Blue text is underlined on an off-white background.

The state of New York is filled with centuries of history and culture, being one of the original 13 colonies. New York is a highly populated state and home to the most populous city in the United States, New York City, which is home 8.2 million people. Known as the 'City That Never Sleeps,' New York City is famous for its iconic landmarks such as Times Square, the Statue of Liberty, and Central Park. Beyond this, the city is a melting pot, jammed packed into historic neighborhoods.  Outside of its urban culture, New York offers endless outdoor recreational activities. Visitors and residents can explore scenic hiking trails, ice fishing during the winter, or kayaking on the Hudson River during the summer.

A red letter I with black text in front of a white background. A fainted gray logo consisting of a circle with a snake wrapped around a lined pole and text curved around it is on the right side of the button behind the black text. On the bottom of the button is a bold red line.

The American Medical Association (AMA) was founded in 1847 and strives to promote the art and science of medicine and improve the quality of public health. AMA has been a voice of medicine in publications in which physicians have been actively advocating for patients. The AMA represents physicians with a unified voice to remove patient care burden, prevent chronic diseases, and drive the future of medicine to tackle the biggest challenges in health care.

Large dark blue text on a yellow-white background with a union bug below it.

The Allied Printing Trade Council label is put on printed products for licensed companies whose workers belong to the printing, publishing, and or media work trades. A union defense fund is a monetary account some unions adopt to build funds that will be used to support union members during worker strikes. Some union benefits can be paid from the fund including medical expenses and or partial salaries depending on the terms of the union laws.

Blue text on a white background with a red and white checkered outer edge.

Have info on this button? Contact us here.

Blue text on an off white background.

"They Shall Not Pass" (originally "Ils ne passeront pas" and later "on ne passe pas" in French) is a slogan coined by the French General Robert Nivelle during the 1916 Battle of Verdun to encourage his troops to hold their line against the enemy. The phrase gained widespread popularity for the remainder of World War I as a French propaganda slogan and was featured on posters, postcards, and medals. Later, French soldiers assigned to the Maginot Line included the slogan on their uniform badges.

By the 1930s, "They Shall Not Pass" had been adopted by several different movements and evolved into a slogan against fascism. Dolores Ibarruri Gomez, a member of the Communist Party of Spain, used the Spanish version of the phrase, "No pasarán", to express direct opposition to Francisco Franco during the Siege of Madrid in 1936. British anti-fascists adopted this version of the phrase months later for their own protests. In the 1980s, "¡No pasarán!" came back into usage again during the civil wars of Central America and was used especially by the Sandinistas in Nicaragua.

As of 2022, "¡No pasarán!" remains a popular anti-fascist slogan in Spain.