Swan and Berry

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Illustration of a white swan on a red background. A sprig of leaves with one ripe berry and one un-ripe berry with a swan-like bud is curved into the neck of the swan. 

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The design on this button was the logo for the Ocean Spray Cranberry World Museum. Dedicated to educating the visitor on the history and cultivation of cranberries, the museum was located in downtown, Plymouth, Massachusetts. However, the building in which it was housed was sold by Ocean Spray, and the museum moved to the Edaville Theme Park in Lakeville, Massachusetts. From there the trail grows cold.

A museum visitor commented on Roadside America in 2003 that they were able to: “take a picture of a loved one next to the giant cranberry model or the cranberry bog,” and sample Ocean Spray products, “some [of which] are prototypes, not available to the public.” Unfortunately today visitors to Plymouth will have to be satisfied by looking at the Rock.

Sources

Edaville Family Theme Park. https://edaville.com

Ocean Spray visitor center moving to Carver. (2001, December 15) [Updated] (2011, January 12). South Coast Today. Retrieved March 29, 2024 from https://www.southcoasttoday.com/story/business/2001/12/16/ocean-spray-visitor-center-moving/50424553007/

Plymouth, Massachusetts: Cranberry World (Gone). (n.d.). Roadside America. Retrieved March 29, 2024 from https://www.roadsideamerica.com/tip/568

Catalog ID AR0496

Thompson for Mayor

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Text on Button Wm HALE THOMPSON FOR MAYOR
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Red, white, and blue horizontal striped background with white and blue text

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GERAGHTY & COMPANY

[union bug] [union bug]
3035-37 W. LAKE ST.
CHICAGO, U.S.A.

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William Hale Thompson (May 14, 1869 – March 19, 1944), known as “Big Bill,” was a Republican and the mayor of Chicago from 1915-1923 and 1927-1931. Thompson was born in Boston, but his family soon moved to Chicago. The nickname “Big Bill” was not just for his more than six-foot height but for his flamboyant personality. He worked as a cowboy when he was young and styled himself as a cowboy for much of his career, his hat becoming a symbol for his campaigns. Thompson was a pioneer of publicity-oriented, exaggerated campaigns that often featured uncensored language.  

Thompson is also known as the most corrupt official in Illinois history. In 1927, Prohibition and the Chicago gang wars were at their peak, and Thompson was associated with Al Capone. Capone funneled at least $100,000 to Thompson’s 1927 campaign, and Big Bill appointed a Capone agent, Daniel Serritella, as a city sealer to keep an eye on City Hall. Capone also set up gambling operations a block from City Hall and bribed many city officials. In 1931, Thompson lost his reelection bid to Anton Cermak. In 1936, Big Bill made a failed attempt to the Governorship, and in 1939, attempted (and lost) one last run in Chicago's mayoral election. Despite his corruption, Thompson was a popular politician during his career, however that popularity collapsed when over $2 million worth of assets were found in four security boxes, revealing the true extent of his nefariousness. 

Sources

Gomes, M. (n.d.) William Hale Thompson. My Al Capone Museum. Retrieved October 12, 2024, from https://www.myalcaponemuseum.com/id160.htm  

Goldfield, D. R. (2007). Thompson, William Hale “Big Bill.” Encyclopedia of American Urban History. SAGE Publications, Inc. Vol. 2. P. 801 

Mayor William Hale Thompson Biography. Mayor of Chicago, 1915-1923, 1927-1931. (2024). Chicago Public Library.  https://www.chipublib.org/mayor-william-hale-thompson-biography/ 

The Most Corrupt Public Official in Illinois History: William Hale Thompson. (2012, January 25). NBC Chicago. https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/chicago-politics/the-most-corrupt-public-official-in-illinois-history-william-hale-thompson/1936986/ 

Catalog ID PO1276

I Saved the Twinkie

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Text on Button I SAVED THE TWINKIE™
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Photograph of a half-eaten twinkie on a white background with black text layered on top of the twinkie

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The Twinkie is an American packaged sponge cake with cream filling invented in 1930. In November 2012, production was suspended after a union dispute led its former bakery to bankruptcy. In 2004, the brand’s parent company, Interstate Bakeries, filed for bankruptcy protection. Their profits had decreased, which the company credited to increased health consciousness, and which Wall Street credited to corporate strategy and debts. A private equity firm bought half of the stake in the company and renamed it Hostess Brands in 2009. They failed to reach a labor deal with the bakers’ union, which led to the speculation that they would close operations.

A Los Angeles Times report on the aftermath of the public announcement stated that the threat of the Twinkie's demise sparked hoarding of the treat and “shock waves through the country.” Hostess Brands was put up for auction in 2013 and the majority share of the business was bought by two private equity firms for $410 million. Twinkies returned to shelves soon after and the company stabilized. The return of Twinkies was possible through utilizing retailers like Walmart for shipment of goods and, according to The Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers and Grain Millers International Union (BCTGM) president David B. Durkee in 2013, hiring less experienced bakers to avoid union negotiations. 

Sources

Are You Tellling Me We Can’t Save The Twinkie by David Sipress. (n.d.). Conde Nast. Retrieved July 10, 2024, from https://condenaststore.com/featured/are-you-tellling-me-we-cant-save-the-twinkie-david-sipress.html

Cohen, J. N. and B. (2023, September 16). Why the Twinkie Is Now Worth Billions. WSJ. https://www.wsj.com/business/retail/twinkie-hostess-brands-smucker-deal-4cc72302

Corkery, M., & Protess, B. (2016, December 10). How the Twinkie Made the Superrich Even Richer. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/10/business/dealbook/how-the-twinkie-made-the-super-rich-even-richer.html

Harwell, D. (2021, October 23). What it took to save the Twinkie. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/business/wp/2016/07/05/what-it-took-to-save-the-twinkie/

Hsu, T. (2012, November 16). Hostess shutdown sparks grief, Twinkie runs, criticism, praise. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-mo-hostess-shutdown-twinkie-ding-dongs-reaction-20121116-htmlstory.html

Catalog ID IB0857

TED

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Text on Button TED
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Red background with black illustration of a man with blue and white highlights in center of button, and black text with white highlights under the image.

Curl Text [illegiable] CA 95061
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Starting after the tumultuous 1968 Democratic National Convention, Senator Edward Moore Kennedy, known as ‘Ted’, was regarded as a front-runner to be the Democratic presidential nominee. Despite his party's support, Kennedy refused to enter the primaries in 1972 and 1976—perhaps, for his involvement in the death of Mary-Jo Kopache in a car accident on Chappaquiddick Island in 1969. Nevertheless, on November 7, 1979, senator Kennedy announced his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination, challenging sitting president Jimmy Carter.  

Due to Carter's 25% approval rating among members of his own party, Kennedy was favored by the electoral base and received several party endorsements. Some because of his potential strength, and his commitment to specific liberal policies, while others were driven by frustration with the current administration. Many responded to Kennedy’s experience and capacity for leadership. Moreover, Kennedy’s appeal outside the party included the ability to bring together traditional liberal groups like labor with feminists and civil rights activists. 

Despite Kennedy's promise, his campaign team was divided and unfunded and he tried to pursue a moderate image that confused the liberal base of the party. In contrast, Carter’s campaign was well organized and pointed in their attacks of Kennedy, brining up the Chappaquiddick incident. That, coupled with the Iran hostage crisis and the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union, gave Carter a surge in popularity that helped him win the nomination. However, the divisive primary weakened the democrats overall and Carter lost the general election against Ronald Reagan—in part because some Kennedy supporters eventually voted for Reagan.  

Sources

Stanley, T. R. (2009, August). “Sailing against the Wind:” A Reappraisal of Edward Kennedy’s Campaign for the 1980 Democratic Party Nomination. Journal of American Studies. 43(2). Pp. 231-253. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40464379 

Lynn, F. (1980, March 18). Kennedy's New York Campaign in Severe Disarray. The New York Times. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1980/03/18/111142202.html?pageNumber=49 

Smith, H. (1979, November 8). Kennedy Declares His Candidacy, Vowing New Leadership for Nation. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1979/11/08/archives/kennedy-declares-his-candidacy-vowing-new-leadership-for-nation.html 

BBC. (2016, January 14). Ted Kennedy and the vitriolic 1980 US election. Newsnight archives. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbOJsjZBgdw 

Catalog ID PO1275

Free Huey Portrait

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Text on Button FREE HUEY
Image Description

High contrast front-facing portrait of Huey Newton with black text above

Curl Text BEREKELY LITHO SERVICES [union bug]
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Huey Percy Newton (1942-1989) was an African American political activist who co-founded the Black Panther Party along with Bobby Seale in 1966. The core mission of the group was to organize the African American community to prevent police abuse and racial discrimination. In 1967, Newton was convicted of voluntary manslaughter in the death of a police officer, resulting in 2-15 years in prison. His trial and imprisonment sparked protests which adopted the slogan “Free Huey”. In 1970, the conviction was overturned when it became clear that Newton had acted in self-defense. The image depicted is of Newton wearing a military beret and a shotgun on his side. He is attributed as one of the most important black civil rights leaders in American history.

Sources

The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. (2024, April 19). Huey P. Newton: American activist. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Huey-P-Newton

Catalog ID CA0935

Colorado Springs Association for the Blind

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Text on Button COLORADO SPRINGS ASSOCIATION FOR THE BLIND
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Blue text on a cream colored background.

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KEYSTONE BADGES
READING PA [union bug]

Attached to back is fraying piece of blue, white, and red fabric

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The Colorado Springs Association for the Blind is a local chapter of the National Federation for the Blind in Colorado (NFBCO). The nonprofit organization advocates for and supports individuals affected by visual impairments, along with their friends and family. Aside from community outreach, NFBCO publishes The Blind Coloradan, a monthly newsletter that aims to assist blind people and highlight resources to improve the daily lives of those affected by blindness.  

Sources
Home | National Federation of the Blind of Colorado. (n.d.). https://nfbco.org/
 
COLORADO SPRINGS CHAPTER | National Federation of the Blind Affiliates. (n.d.). https://nfbaff1d9qa.pumexcomputing.com/chapters-divisions/colorado-springs-chapter 
 
Catalog ID CA0933

Cholerine for Fowls

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Text on Button CHOLERINE FOR FOWLS
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color illustration of a rooster crowing with black text on its comb and neck on a yellow background with black rim

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Manee Co.
MALDEN, MASS
[union bug]
[union bug] 16

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Cholerine was a product produced by the Germo Manufacturing Company of Sedalia, Missouri. The remedy was designed to cure cholera, gapes, and roup in chickens. With Cholerine, you, a poultry farmer, can, “[develop] otherwise poor and unhealthy fowls into a healthy condition—hence, with pure blood, good appetite, perfect digestion, clean craw and gizzard… the fowl fattens of her own accord and lays every egg nature intended she should.”

Sources

Germo Macturing Co. (1904, August 11). Cholerine for Poultry [Advertisement]. Scotland County Democrat (Memphis, Missouri), p. 2.

Germo Manufacturing Co. (1908, March 12). Cholerine Liquid Food For Fowls [Advertisement]. The Memphis Democrat (Memphis, Missouri), p. 7.

Catalog ID AD1108

March on Washington November 15

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Text on Button NOV 15 MARCH ON WASHIN [line break] WASHINGTON TO B [line break] TO BRING ALL THE TROOPS HOME [line break] NOW!
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Black text on an orange background with a black rim 

Curl Text [union bug] HORN CO. PHILA, PA. 19126
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On November 15, 1969, the Vietnam Moratorium Committee brought together over 500,000 activists who marched in Washington, D.C. to protest the Vietnam War. Similar demonstrations were carried out across the country. This event followed the March Against Death demonstration the previous day, where protesters marched in D.C. with signs that listed the names of deceased U.S. soldiers and Vietnamese towns that had destroyed in the war. The march on November 15th, known as Moratorium Day, featured speeches from politicians and performances from popular musicians. It was reported as a non-violent, quiet, and somber protest.

Sources

Nov. 15, 1969: Second anti-war moratorium. Zinn Education Project. (2023, November 16). https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/second-antiwar-moratorium/

Moratorium Day: The day that millions of Americans marched. (n.d.). Retrieved July 3, 2024, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-49893239
Network, T. L. (1321348141). Nov. 15, 1969 | Anti-Vietnam War Demonstration Held. The Learning Network. https://archive.nytimes.com/learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/15/nov-15-1969-anti-vietnam-war-demonstration-held/
Catalog ID CA0934

Bank on Frank

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Text on Button You Can BANK on FRANK
Image Description

Cream colored button with black and white image of Frank Rizzo in the center, and red and blue text above an below image.

Back Paper / Back Info

Circular sticker with handwritten numbers "179"

Curl Text [union bug] 15
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In 1971, Frank Rizzo, then known as Philadelphia's Police Commissioner, launched his first campaign for mayor. Running as a Democrat, Rizzo appealed to voters who were concerned about rising crime rates and sought a strong leader to restore order. This campaign was ultimately successful, leading to his election as mayor. He held his office for 2 terms, and then tried to run for reelection for a third term by attempting to amend the Philadelphia city charter, but did not succeed. 10 years later, in 1987, Rizzo ran for mayor again, but this time as a Republican. He was defeated by Mayor W. Wilson Goode, but did not give up and ran for election once again, as a Republican, in 1991. He unfortunately died that same year, suffering from a heart attack while campaigning. 

Rizzo was a very important political figure in Philadelphia, but he also holds a controversial legacy. Notoriously racist, Rizzo was known for violence and civil rights violations. Alongside his 1971 campaign slogan, “You can bank on Frank'', Rizzo also told Philadelphian’s to “vote white”. A statue honoring him was built in front of the Philadelphia Municipal Services Building in 1998, but was eventually removed in June 2020 amid nationwide protests against police brutality. He is remembered by some as a champion of public safety and others as a symbol of racial division and police brutality. 

Sources

Chappell, B. (2020, June 3). Frank Rizzo statue is removed in Philadelphia: “it is finally gone,” mayor says. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2020/06/03/868848550/frank-rizzo-statue-is-removed-in-philadelphia-it-is-finally-gone-mayor-says 

Special, D. J. (1971, November 3). Rizzo wins race in Philadelphia. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1971/11/03/archives/rizzo-wins-race-in-philadelphia-defeats-gop-opponent-in-contest-for.html  

Tafelski, T. (2020, November 5). Looking back at Philadelphia’s notoriously racist mayor Frank Rizzo. Hyperallergic. https://hyperallergic.com/571133/amateur-night-frank-rizzo-documentary-philadelphia/  

Catalog ID PO1274