Photograpgh of Willie Scott and Short Round from the movie Indiana Jones appears behind yellow text.

Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom was released in 1984 as the second installment of the Indiana Jones movie franchise. The movie featured Indiana Jones, played by Harrison Ford, and two new companions - Willie Scott and Short Round - as they attempt to take back a stolen sacred stone for a small village. Due to the violence that was featured in the film, director Steven Spielberg had to negotiate with the MPAA to create a new rating for the film that was less than R rating, but higher than PG, and so, PG-13 was created.

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Harold Lloyd was a well-known director, producer, screenwriter, and actor during the silent era, alongside Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton. He is mainly known for the daring stunts he performed in thrill sequences for his comedic movies. While perhaps the movie he is most well-known for is "Safety Last" (in which he famously hangs from the hands of a clock on a tall city building), his most successful film was "The Freshman," which became one of the first fifty films to be selected for preservation by the Library of Congress.

Illustration of a face with a smile and long eyelashes with eyes closed

The classic yellow smiley face is comprised of a yellow circle, two black dots for eyes, and a black arc ending in serifs for a mouth. It was designed in 1963 by commercial artist, Harvey Ross Ball. Ball was commissioned by The State Mutual Life Insurance Company to create a happy face to raise the morale of their employees. His version was created in 10 minutes. The design was printed onto more than 50 million buttons. Neither Ball nor the company copyrighted this smiley, so it was continually used by other businesses in their promotions.
The design and concept is quite simple and was definitely used before Ball’s 1963 version. However, his has become the most iconic. Variations have been used for advertising campaigns and in popular culture ever since.

In the 1980s, Highlights children's magazine gave away promotional items with personified smileys, such as stickers or buttons, to their subscribers.

In internet culture the smiling face represents warm and positive feelings including love and gratitude with its slight smile, closed eyes, and rosy cheeks. 

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Dick Gregory was a comedian, writer, actor, and civil rights activist known for his insightful social commentary. He recorded a number of comedy albums for a variety of record labels throughout the 60’s before retiring in 1973, including his “Gregory Talking Black” release from 1969 on Poppy Records, which included a 45 rpm record, book, insert sheet, button, and poster. 

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The “Go” square is the first square on the Monopoly board. As the text states, players who pass the square collect $200. Other rules in the game allow for the amount to be doubled and quadrupled. Monopoly originated in 1903 as an educational demonstration but was later published by Parker Brothers in 1935. It is now owned by Hasbro and is one of the most iconic board games in the world. 

Illustration of a red soap box racer passing under a finish line arch.  Blue text above and below illustration, red text on left side on a white background.

In 1947 Duluth, Minnesota, entered the soap box derby scene with help from sponsors including the Duluth Jaycees, a nickname for the United States Junior Chamber of Commerce. The Jaycees is a not for profit organization that trains people ages 18 through 40 in developing leadership skills. The Jaycees helped put on the annual Duluth event where boys ages 11 to 15 raced cars propelled by gravity downhill. Each year the winner in Duluth traveled to Akron, Ohio, to compete in the All-American Soap Box Derby Race. Organized soap box derby racing began in Ohio in 1934. In 1963, Harold “Bo” Conrad, 12, won the race in Duluth and went on to win in Akron. Here is a video about his Akron race: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHa2w2dijsI. Duluth held races through 1968. Plans for a race in 1969 fell through due to a lack of interest. 

Illustration of red-colored raised fist and white hand holding erlenmeyer flask.  White text on a black background.

Science for the People (SftP) emerged out of the antiwar and civil rights movements of the 1960s. Members participated in demonstrations, sit-ins, and other actions to draw attention to the militarization of science, and the ways in which “establishment” science organizations failed to address or exacerbated social inequities worldwide. They also collaborated with the Black Panther Party in Chicago to set up health clinics. By the 1980s, membership declined and the organization all but vanished. SftP re-emerged after the election of President Donald Trump in 2016.

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Since its founding in 1913, the American Cancer Society has been working to educate people about cancer and fight the disease. When studies sponsored by the Society showed a connection between smoking and cancer, the organization helped to develop the Surgeon General’s 1964 report detailing smoking’s impact on people’s health. Between 1991 and 2014 cancer deaths dropped by 2.1 million.

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The study of dentistry and orthodontia has developed over the centuries, and reference to surgical dentistry can be found as far back as the Middle Ages, with writings about tooth removal to decrease tooth crowding. The first dental appliance for teeth straightening may date back to 1723 in France, when a dentist developed a gold or silver bad meant to push teeth to their proper places. This “bandolet” has evolved into the braces and retainers we commonly see in orthodontics today.

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The Chicago Teachers Union (CTU) has a long history representing educators of Chicago. The union was established in 1937 when several competing teacher’s unions merged into one larger union, and its roots include the Chicago Teachers Foundation that was established in 1897 to represent the interest of women teachers. There have been four major strikes by the union, the most recent in 2012. Currently the union represents over 25,000 teachers and paraprofessionals working in the Chicago Public School system.